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摘 要：【目的】探討不同饲粮能量结构对二元母猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清指标的影响。【方法】选用90头体貌相近、平均体重为（61.97±4.37）kg的长白×大白杂交后备母猪，随机分成3组，每组5个重复，分别饲喂3种不同能量结构的等能等氮饲粮，3个组饲粮能量组成分别为：组1饲粮含有49.70%淀粉、2.81%粗脂肪（EE）和8.95%中性洗涤纤维（NDF）;组2饲粮含有43.52%淀粉、5.68%EE和12.53%NDF;组3饲粮含有37.13%淀粉、8.73%EE和16.02%NDF。【结果】随着饲粮淀粉水平的降低和EE、NDF水平的增加，后备母猪日增重（ADG）呈下降趋势（P<0.1），料重比（F/G）呈上升趋势（P<0.1）。组1和组2饲粮干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、粗脂肪（EE）和粗灰分（Ash）的表观消化率显著高于组3（P<0.05），组1与组2间差异不显著（P>0.05）。随着饲粮淀粉水平的降低和EE、NDF水平的增加，血清甘油三酯（TG）和总胆固醇（TC）浓度呈现增加趋势（P<0.1），血清葡萄糖（GLU）浓度各组间无显著差异（P>0.05），血清胰岛素（INS）浓度呈现下降趋势（P<0.1），血清胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）、瘦素（Leptin）浓度组1显著高于组3（P<0.05），组1与组2间、组2与组3间差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】过多降低后备母猪饲粮淀粉水平并提高EE和NDF用量，会降低后备母猪养分表观消化率、降低血清激素分泌，影响后备母猪生长性能。
关键词：能量结构;二元母猪;生长性能;表观消化率;血清指标
中图分类号：S 828文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-0384（2019）04-427-06
Abstract：【Objective】 Effects of varied dietary energy compositions in feed on the growth， apparent nutrient digestibility （AND）， serum metabolites， and hormone concentration in gilts were studied. 【Method】Ninety Landrace×Large white gilts with an initial body weight of 61.97±4.37 kg in a similar bodily appearance were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 gilts each for the study. The gilts were fed with specially formulated forage that represented varied dietary iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous energy structures. Diet 1 contained 49.70% starch， 2.81% lipids （EE） and 8.95% neutral dietary fiber （NDF）; Diet 2， 43.52% starch， 5.68% EE and 12.53% NDF; and Diet 3， 37.13% starch， 8.73% EE and 16.02% NDF. 【Result】As the starch content decreased and EE and NDF increased in the diet， the average daily weight gain （ADG） decreased， and the feed/weight gain ratio （F/G） of the gilts increased. Compared to the groups fed with Diet 1 and Diet 2， which were similar， the gilts fed with Diet 3 showed significantly lower ANDs on dry matters， crude protein， crude fiber， NDF， EE， and ash from feed （P<0.05）. The concentrations of circulating triglyceride and total cholesterol increased， and insulin decreased with a decrease on starch and increases on EE and NDF in diet， while no significant differences found on serum glucose （P>0.05）. The concentrations of serum IGF-I and leptin in the group fed with Diet 1 were higher than that in the group fed with Diet 3 （P<0.05）. 【Conclusion】Excessive reduction on starch and increase on EE and NDF in feed lowered the AND of the gilts reducing the forage utilization rate and altered the serum hormone secretion in gilts negatively affecting their growth performance.